INTRODUCTION:
There are many types of poplars in the world. Among which the varieties of Australia, Yugoslavia, America and Italy are more famous. It was introduced in Pakistan in the sixties and now this tree is a province. It is very popular among farmers in upper Punjab and North West Frontier Province. It is clear from the data that its production is very less compared to its demand. In the province of Punjab, this deficiency is met by timber coming from the Frontier Province. Therefore, its cultivation in Punjab is very beneficial in terms of market. North and Central Punjab for poplar cultivationthe area is more suitable.
Habits
Poplar is a large deciduous tree. Its stem is long and straight. The bark of young trees and branches is smooth and smooth greenish-grey and the bark of older trees is dark brown rough. On which vertical cracks occur. Poplar is a light-demanding tree, usually in open areas. Even in adolescence it does not tolerate shade. If it is cut close to the branches, it will remove more branches. Good fertile soil and water are essential for its cultivation. Its roots are about hundred Percent takes root, its growth rate is very fast.
Leaves , flowers and fruits
Poplar leaves are arranged in a straight line. They are broad but oval, slightly pointed, usually heart-shaped, with army-toothed edges and hairy. Poplar flowers appear before the new leaves. The male flowers are pendent yellow in racemes up to 7.5 cm long. While the female green flowers that come on separate trees are also pendulous. Female trees are more than male trees. Female flowers are also borne in clusters up to 15 cm long. Papar fruit ripens in June. The female flowers turn into fruits, which become 7.5 to 15 cm long pods with four cells inside. When said, this pod opens automatically and
Small batches lying in the silken fabric fall to the ground.
Selection of land for poplar plantation
In Pakistan, these trees are being cultivated successfully in hilly and plain areas. It is very successful on sandy loams and alluvial soil. It needs a good amount of water for growth. It grows very well in areas where the annual rainfall is less than 750-1250 mm and the temperature is between 20-35°C. Selection of land for poplar plantation is of prime importance. Because the budding and growth of poplar depends to a great extent on the type of soil.
In the absence of good land, the yield is below average. Therefore, it is necessary to be very careful in the selection of land. An expert in this regard is Forrester
It is very important to make a decision in consultation. However, selection should be made keeping in mind the following points: 1.Water should not be allowed to stand in the ground under any circumstances. Earth’s water system should be very good
2- There should be a good drainage system at the site and plenty of water for irrigation
3.Soil type and fertility quality must be taken into consideration. Hard semi-loamy soil, with rocky pebbles land should never be chosen.
4.Som and noisy land should not be selected and land with up to three feet of top should not be selected surface is very strict.
5.In termite-infested areas, anticide should be used as directed. It would be better to get rid of termites before planting a lot of thatched area.
6.In case of planting in rows, shaded area should not be selected as growth under partial shade is not achieved.
7.The selected land should not be prone to grazing by sheep or cattle.
8.Before starting plantation in the area, analysis should be done by a teacher.
9.For zari forestry, plants should be planted at a distance of 18×18. So that all devices bills etc. can run in it easily. And 12×12 or 10×6 feet spacing is recommended for full forest planting should be consulted.
Poplar Plantation
Keep the following things in mind while planting trees.
1- Cut the thick roots on the sides, which are an obstacle in planting the plant.
2- And don’t cut tree’s trunks.
2.Press the plants into the pit up to the collar.
4.The plants are kept upright and watered by adding soil.
5- The first irrigation will sit down. Therefore, before the second irrigation, coat the soil well again and
Put it.
*Things to keep in mind before planting poplar:*
From Irrigation System – Planting in the selected land should be first collected at least one foot Deep enough to allow enough water to pass through them.2 The size of the pits is better 2×2 feet. The mud should be taken out and cleaned from stones etc. 3- Uproot healthy plants and bring them from the nursery to the ground for planting, It should be covered with sack or dry grass etc. so that the plants do not dry up. 4- Minimum roots should be cut at the time of planting. And the plant should be uprooted deeply.
*Post Plantation Work*
1.Good irrigation after proper intervals at the required time can give best success. First year weekly irrigation is sufficient before the onset of monsoon.2.The fission process is completed by April 15. As long as the green plants have not sprouted due to any reason, keep them at ground level and cut them.3.The lower part of the tree should be kept clean from the branches, while the shoots should not be injured at all.4 At the beginning of the soil, cut off double shoots that do not maintain the original condition of the tree.5- Irrigation should be done from July to September of the first year by looking at the amount of rain.
*Production*
It is a fast growing tree. And on good land its yield has been recorded as 20-40 cubic meters per hectare 1-262, 169/55, 1-72/58, 1-24/64C, I-72/510 per year. Its clone production is better recorded. ST-92 63/51-1 and, S7C20, S7C4, S7C3, S7C2, AY-48
*Behavior**
Poplar can be grown from both beech and pen. But the rate of production from seed is very low. Pachar plants are grown in bed nurseries Following steps must be observed for nursery preparation.
*Site preparation*
Follow these guidelines to grow a successful poplar nursery. Choose soil with fertile and deep soil. Medium pore river soil is very suitable for it, which contains both sand and silt. Loamy soil or peaty soil is totally unsuitable for poplar nursery planting. Ensure that canal or tubewell water is always available for irrigation. This is very important. Because poplar nursery needs a lot of water. While preparing the land, remove all the roots, bushes, midges, stones, debris, dig very deep to remove the parts so that the roots do not sprout again. Dig the soil to a depth of one and a half feet with a plow that turns the soil upside down. Do this three times. Loosen, level well, do a test irrigation to find out the top of the soil and level the ground again.Since the irrigation is not uniform in a large plot, the water becomes more and sometimes less, so a plot of half or a quarter canal will be fine.
Propagation of plant/ pod:
A one-year-old plant of Pachar has 19 long shoots. Do not use diseased, pest-infested and littered litter boxes to make whole pods. Just make thumb-twisted radish pods. Re-emerge the first match nursery from the earlier part of the plant, i.e. space their pens 4 or 5 to 12 feet apart. Don’t use finger-sized radish cuttings for nursery as well, as they are prone to rotting. And many of them do not contain food for plant growth. Make a diagonal cut on the first end of the pen so the nurseryman knows which end of the pen goes inside the main.Before planting the nursery, separate the cuttings into different diameters or thicknesses and plant each size in separate plates, otherwise thicker cuttings will remain after removing the relatively oily cuttings attached to them. And will nurture. Store the pens for shade before planting, if they are not used immediatelyCover with sacks or press into the ground.
*Applying pods:
* Keep the cuttings in water for a day before planting them in the ground. Plant pens of the same size in a plot with a 3-foot distance between plots.Do not use a hammered piing saw to press the pens into the ground by hand. Pens should be spaced 1×1 feet or 1/2-1×1/12-1 feet apart, with no more than half an inch of the pen visible outside the soil. The nurseries are open till the month of January or at most till the first week of February. After the cuttings have been planted, press the foot of the soil on both sides of the line so that the remaining canal has fallen around the cuttings.
*Nursery care*
Water immediately after planting the cuttings. If city or tubewell water is not available at the moment, give a deep watering by hand. A day after this, full canal or tube well irrigation is necessary. 18 to 20 irrigations a year are necessary. Three in every month from February to June. One irrigation per month from July to OctoberAnd there will be no need to give water in the rain. When the leaves emerge, prune and weed. After the first gori, do the second gori and make grooves between the lines to facilitate watering, six gori in a year will be enough. When branches becomes in many respects, cut off more than one branch, and only with one power and strength, then these branches become complete. Weed with a wheelbarrow to remove weeds and make a channel so that the irrigation is correct.
*Uses*
The sapwood is almost white, the wood light brown or brownish-grey, and the distinction between the two woodsis difficult. The wood is glossy, rustic and soft. The average weight of wood is 480 grams per cubic centimeter and the calorific value is 5900 kcal/kg. Its fibers are straight, fine texture is smooth and age circles are not visible, pores and lines are fine. Ringworm cannot be seen with the naked eye. Pruning is also very important. So that it can get the first class logs. Knots are a major drawback in poplar logs, no matter how tall or straight the stick is. In Poplar Matchmakingis used. For this, the size of the log should be 60 inches long and 9 inches in diameter. It is not a big deal to grow the tree to a suitable size but it should be properly pruned for two years. Some sports equipment factories in Sialkot are making cricket bats from poplar wood. For this, the length of the batten should be 60 inches (some factories use 54 inch bolts). And the diameter should be up to 12 inches. In addition, the poplar wood is used to make ply for packing boxes, crates, plywood and other wood. In villages it can be used for house building and paper making.
